ERC-4337 aims to bring Account Abstraction to Ethereum while maintaining strong decentralization and censorship-resistance, aligning closely with the block production security of the underlying chain. Launching a truly public and decentralized mempool for ERC-4337 is a complex process, and development will progress with “training wheels” — a controlled setup that allows for system updates and bug fixes in a safer environment. While necessary in the early stages, these training wheels will be gradually removed, enabling Bundlers to fully adopt the decentralized principles of the base layer.